How Vermont compares
Ranked against the other 49 states on the figures we hold. Rates that combine state and local components — sales tax, the minimum wage where it varies by region — are shown on this page but not ranked, because a single number would misstate them.
| Figure | VT | Nationally | In its region |
|---|---|---|---|
| PopulationUS Census Bureau, 2023 | 647,464 | 49th highest of 50 | 11 of 11 |
| GDP ($bn)Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2023 | 40 | 50th highest of 50 | 11 of 11 |
| Median household incomeUS Census Bureau, 2023 | $72,431 | 20th highest of 50 | 9 of 11 |
| Unemployment rateBureau of Labor Statistics, 2025 | 2.3% | 4th lowest of 50 | 1 of 11 |
| Foreign-born shareUS Census Bureau, 2023 | 5.2% | 36th highest of 50 | 10 of 11 |
| Property tax rateconfirm with the Vermont legislature | 1.59% | 44th lowest of 50 | 8 of 11 |
| Deposit return window (days)confirm with the Vermont legislature | 14 | tied 1st lowest of 50 | 1 of 11 |
| Eviction notice (days)confirm with the Vermont legislature | 30 | tied 3rd highest of 50 | 2 of 11 |
- State income tax: yes41 of 50 states answer the same way
- At-will employment: yesthe same in all 50 states — it does not set Vermont apart
- Paid sick leave required: yes20 of 50 states answer the same way
- Paid family leave: yes13 of 50 states answer the same way
- Workers' comp required: yes49 of 50 states answer the same way
- Rent control permitted: no46 of 50 states answer the same way
- Annual report required: yes46 of 50 states answer the same way
Statistical figures: US Census Bureau (2023) · Bureau of Economic Analysis (2023) · Bureau of Labor Statistics (2025) · Small Business Administration (2023). Tax, wage, business and tenancy figures are recorded from state sources without a per-figure date — confirm anything you are about to act on with the Vermont legislature.
How long you have in Vermont
The periods that decide whether something is on time. Days are calendar days unless the underlying rule says otherwise.
- Return a security deposit within
- 14 days
- Eviction notice before filing
- 30 days
- LLC formation processed in
- 3–5 days
- Overtime starts after
- 40 hrs/week (FLSA)
AI Legal Insights — Vermont
AI-generated · Updated July 2026
Vermont operates under a legal system that emphasizes strong consumer protections and robust environmental regulations. The state's judiciary includes the Vermont Supreme Court, which oversees significant case law regarding land use and<pad> environmental stewardship.
Vermont offers a stable environment for small businesses, particularly in the green energy, agriculture, and tourism sectors. While the state maintains a progressive income tax structure, its low unemployment rate and highly educated workforce support a specialized niche economy.
Vermont has a relatively small foreign-born population of 5.2%, but it maintains a welcoming atmosphere for immigrants through various community integration programs. There are no state-level sanctuary laws, but local municipalities often implement inclusive policies to support diverse populations.
- ›Ensure compliance with the Vermont Earned Sick Time Act when drafting employment agreements to account for mandatory accrual rates.
- ›Include specific provisions for environmental compliance to mitigate risks associated with Vermont's strict land-use and conservation statutes.
- ›Verify that all consumer contracts adhere to Vermont's specific consumer protection laws regarding unfair or deceptive trade practices.
AI-generated insights · Verify with a licensed attorney before relying on this information.
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Employment Laws
Vermont labor regulations
Vermont has robust worker protections for a small state. The minimum wage is $13.67/hr as of 2024, with CPI-linked annual increases. Vermont mandates paid sick leave under the Earned Sick Time Act and provides paid family leave through a state-run program. The state is at-will but has broad anti-discrimination protections.
| Law | VT Rule | Federal Floor |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Wage | $13.67/hr (2024); CPI-indexed annually | $7.25/hr |
| Overtime | After 40 hrs/week at 1.5× rate | FLSA: after 40 hrs/week |
| Paid Sick Leave | Up to 40 hrs/year; accrues 1 hr per 52 hrs worked; employers with 5+ employees must pay | None (federal) |
| Paid Family Leave | Vermont Family and Medical Leave Insurance provides paid leave for state employees; voluntary program for private sector | FMLA: 12 weeks unpaid |
| Workers Comp | Mandatory for all employers with one or more employees | Federal employees: yes |
| At-Will Employment | Yes; statutory exceptions for whistleblowers and anti-retaliation | Default nationwide |
| Final Paycheck | Next regular payday | Next regular payday |
| Meal Breaks | 30-minute break after 6 consecutive hours of work | No federal requirement |
| Predictive Scheduling | No statewide law | No federal requirement |
- Vermont Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA) prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, ancestry, place of birth, age, disability, or HIV status.
- Vermont's Earned Sick Time Act (2017) requires employers with 6+ employees to provide paid sick leave; smaller employers must provide unpaid sick time.
- Vermont has no right-to-work law — unions retain broad organizing and collective bargaining rights.
- Vermont Criminal History Records law (Ban the Box) restricts when employers may inquire about criminal history during the hiring process.
- Vermont prohibits employers from retaliating against employees for discussing wages or reporting violations to state agencies.
- The Vermont Parental and Family Leave Law provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or serious illness of a family member for employers with 10+ employees.
Sources: U.S. Department of Labor · NCSL 2025 · State labor agency
Landlord-Tenant Laws
Vermont rental regulations
Vermont tenant law is balanced and provides strong habitability protections. There is no statewide rent control. Security deposits have no statutory cap but must be returned within 14 days of move-out. Eviction requires at least 30 days' written notice for most situations. Vermont courts apply a strict implied warranty of habitability.
| Topic | VT Rule |
|---|---|
| Security Deposit | No statutory cap; must be returned within 14 days of move-out with itemized deductions |
| Deposit Return | Within 14 days (with no deductions) or 60 days (with deductions); itemized statement required |
| Rent Control | No statewide rent control; municipalities may not enact local rent control |
| Eviction Notice | 30-day written notice for no-fault termination of month-to-month tenancy; 14-day notice for nonpayment of rent |
| Habitability | Implied warranty of habitability; landlord must maintain premises in decent, safe, and sanitary condition |
| Entry Notice | Landlord must provide 48-hour advance written notice before entering the rental unit |
| Retaliation Protection | Landlord may not retaliate against tenants for reporting code violations or exercising legal rights |
| Late Fees | Permitted if specified in lease; no statutory cap |
Both landlords and tenants have enforceable rights under Vermont law. Document all communications and keep copies of your lease agreement. Use AI review to spot risky clauses before signing.
Starting a Business
Vermont LLC formation guide
Vermont is a small but economically stable state with a strong agricultural, tourism, and insurance industry base. The corporate tax rate ranges from 6–8.5% and LLC formation costs $125 with a $35 annual report. Vermont offers Act 250 land-use permitting for larger projects. The state's small size and high quality of life attract remote workers and lifestyle businesses.
Step-by-step LLC formation
- 1Choose a business name — must include "LLC," "L.L.C.," or "Limited Liability Company"; check availability at bizfilings.vermont.gov
- 2File Articles of Organization with the Vermont Secretary of State at sos.vermont.gov/corporations
- 3Pay the $125 LLC filing fee (online filing available)
- 4Designate a registered agent with a physical Vermont address
- 5Obtain an EIN from the IRS at irs.gov — free and required for banking and tax registration
- 6Register for Vermont taxes with the Vermont Department of Taxes (tax.vermont.gov) — includes meals & rooms tax, sales & use tax, and business income tax
- 7File the annual report each year — $35 fee due by the anniversary month at sos.vermont.gov
- 8Open a business bank account using your EIN and filed formation documents
- 9Check local zoning and licensing requirements with your town or city clerk; certain land use may require Act 250 state land-use permits
Every LLC also needs a free EIN from the IRS (Form SS-4). Apply online at irs.gov — takes about 15 minutes and is required to open a business bank account.
Popular IRS Forms
Most-filed federal forms for Vermont taxpayers
Fill these out online with plain-English guidance — every field explained, no accountant required. Download as a ready-to-file PDF when done.
The main annual federal income tax return every taxpayer files.
Fill out free →Give your SSN or EIN to a client before getting paid as a contractor.
Fill out free →Report $600+ paid to independent contractors during the year.
Fill out free →Tell your employer how much federal tax to withhold from pay.
Fill out free →Report income and expenses from a sole proprietorship or LLC.
Fill out free →Report payroll taxes withheld from employees each quarter.
Fill out free →Get an automatic 6-month extension to file your 1040.
Fill out free →The year-end wage statement employers issue to each employee.
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Federal Offices
United States government offices in Vermont
Walk-in assistance by appointment only. Call (844) 545-5640 to schedule, or book online at irs.gov.
Immigration appointments via my.uscis.gov or call (800) 375-5283.
Free Legal Aid
Vermont legal assistance organizations
These organizations provide free or reduced-cost civil legal services to qualifying Vermont residents.
Before your consultation: upload your document for a free AI risk scan — understand the key issues before meeting an attorney.
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